Questions on Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Questions on Philosophy - Essay ExampleWhat problem did Kant find with traditional metaphysics and how does he amaze to solve it? (Think Descartes on this also) He thinks he is writing for metaphysicians and Hume because Hume is skeptic about the possibility of metaphysics (SparkNotes Editors). 3. How is it that Hume awoke Kant from his dogmatic slumber? What was it about Humes philosophy that was so wake up to Kant? What were the reasons Humes observations were so unsettling to Kant? Kant said that Humes skeptical challenge is what first spurred him toward his critical philosophy. Hume asks how we can make inferences regarding experience how can I predict what will decease in the future based on what has happened in the past? In piece to do so, Hume suggests, I must know some sort of consonance formula that says that events in the future will follow the alike(p) sorts of general laws that they have followed in the past. But how can I know this uniformity principle? It isnt lo gically or necessarily true, so I cant simply infer it prior to experience like I can with mathematical knowledge. However, I beam into a vicious circle if I claim that I know it from experience, since I need to already have the uniformity principle in order to infer thatthe uniformity principle has been true in the past, and it will continue to be true in the future. Thus, Hume concludes that we cannot know that future events will follow the same laws as past events we just get into the habit of expecting it (SparkNotes Editors). 4. What questions are the ones that Kant thinks need to be answered first if metaphysics as a science is to be possible at all? Which is the question at the foundation of all knowledge? Metaphysics is unlike math or science in that its reach exceeds its grasp. It aspires to know what it cannot know. In finding itself bounded, however, reason also explores the full extent and possibility of human knowledge. While reason cannot tell us anything about thing s in themselves, it can be employ to examine our own faculties. Kant redefines metaphysics as a critique, an attempt to examine how knowledge is structured and justified (SparkNotes Editors). 5. What does Kant mean by all of our judgments being either a priori or a posteriori and either analytic or synthetic? What are examples of each of them? How do these 4 designations of our objects of knowledge differ from the two that Hume argued there were? Kant distinguishes betwixt a priori and a posteriori cognitions and between analytic and synthetic judgments. Knowledge we gain from experience is a posteriori, and what we can know independent of experience is a priori. A synthetic judgment is one whose predicate contains information not contained in the subject, and an analytic judgment is one whose predicate is a mere analysis of the subject. Kant claims that maths, rude(a) science, and metaphysics all lay claim to synthetic a priori propositionspropositions that are necessarily but not trivially true, and can be known prior to experience. Since mathematics and pure natural science are well-establi talk fields, he proposes to examine how their synthetic truths are possible a priori in the hope that this examination will shed light on the possibility of metaphysics as a science (SparkNotes Editors). 6. What is so peculiar about knowledge that is both synthetic and a priori? Be fit to give examples of these and be able to describe how this is possible according to Kant. Kant